<div dir="ltr"><div dir="auto"><div class="gmail_quote" dir="auto"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">Nov 29, 2017</span></div></div><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">Fermilab</div><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"><span class="gmail_default"></span><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">Why E=mc² is wrong</span></div>The most famous equation in all of science is<br>Einstein’s E = mc2,<br>but it is also frequently horribly misunderstood and misused. <br>In this video, Fermilab’s Dr. Don Lincoln explains<br>the real truth about this equation and<br>how people often use it wrong.<br><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">* </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eOCKNH0zaho" rel="noreferrer noreferrer" target="_blank" style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eOCKNH0zaho</a></div></div>
<br>Adamın son sözü:<span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"> </span><i><b>"Physics is everything"</b></i></div><div class="gmail_quote" dir="auto"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">biz neden herşeyi bırakıp fizik okuduk sanıyorsunuz?</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">ama bugün içinde bunca aklı başında, eğitimli, donanımlı insanların olduğu 80 milyonluk toplumumuzu idare edenler diyor ki: <i>"öyle olmaaaaz..! öncelikle iman... yapın bütün okulları hatip imam..!"</i></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">aya gidiyoruz aya.. ayın zaptı yakın.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">yeni "milli" eğitim bakanımız hayırlı olur memlekete vatana millete inşallah.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">memlekette demorgrasi var, seçilmişlere lafım olamaz, "adam kazanmış.."</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">ama va'mı muhalefet denenleri görenleriniz etrafta?</div><br></div><div class="gmail_quote" dir="auto">The following is for Vedat Batu who thinks STR is wrong, therefore GTR too. </div><div class="gmail_quote" dir="auto">Ben diyorum: matematik fizikte sadece bir alet, ona hükümdar olamaz! yardımcı olur. </div><div class="gmail_quote" dir="auto">Maalesef evreni anlamakta başka da aletimiz yok. Biyoloji için o da yok! </div><div class="gmail_quote" dir="auto"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">yeter göksu ya teşekkürlerimle:</div><div class="gmail_quote"><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">şu videoda 3.30 da fizikte matematik konusunda </span>Oppenheimer in dediklerine dikkat!</div><div class="gmail_quote" dir="auto"><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><h1 class="gmail-title gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-video-primary-info-renderer" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;background:rgb(249,249,249);overflow:hidden;font-weight:400;font-family:Roboto,Arial,sans-serif"><span class="gmail-style-scope gmail-ytd-video-primary-info-renderer" style="word-break:break-word"><a href="https://youtu.be/Gnk0rnBQrR0"><font size="1">This World and the Universe | Steven Weinberg </font></a></span></h1><div><br></div></span></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">Bakın Dünya ve Evren konusunda "</span><b style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><i><a href="https://www.canertaslaman.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/AllahFelsefeveBilim_13.08.2012.pdf"></a></i></span><i><a href="https://www.canertaslaman.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/AllahFelsefeveBilim_13.08.2012.pdf">yaradan</a></i></b><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">"a sığınanlar da çok iddialılar... </span></div></div><div class="gmail_quote" dir="auto">tavsiyem onlarla muhatap olmayın<span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">, uzak durun</span>! <span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">kazanamazsınız!</span></div><div class="gmail_quote" dir="auto"><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">bam </span>başka <span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">bir </span>arena orası, bilim insanı iseniz sakın oralara ayak basmayın! </div><div class="gmail_quote" dir="auto"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">bir sınıf arkadaşım stüdyoyu terketmekte buldu kurtuluşu, yerinde bir hareketti.</div></div><div class="gmail_quote" dir="auto">bir söz vardır <i>"deliye laf anlatıl<span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">a</span>maz"..</i> </div><div class="gmail_quote" dir="auto">yanlış anlaşılmasın sakın, haşa<span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">, hümme haşaaa, </span></div><div class="gmail_quote" dir="auto"><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"></span>"<i>yaradan</i>" cılara veya STR a inanmayanlara "<i>deli</i>" demedim, </div><div class="gmail_quote" dir="auto">bilakis çok "zeki" ler, </div><div class="gmail_quote" dir="auto"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"><span class="gmail_default"></span><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">sadece arenalarımız farklı demek istedim!</span></div><div class="gmail_quote" dir="auto"><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">bulaşmayın!</span></div></div><div class="gmail_quote" dir="auto"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">hatta birisi var ki (enis doko) odtü den benimle aynı sıralardan</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">wallahi bravo, bir de üstüne felsefe yapmış,</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">ben anlamam felsefeden, belki farklılığımızın bundandır..!?</div></div><div class="gmail_quote" dir="auto"><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"></span></div><div class="gmail_quote"><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">buyrun şimdi şuradan devam edelim:</span></div><div class="gmail_quote"><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></span></div><div class="gmail_quote" dir="auto">
nist : national institute of standards and technology<br>
<span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"></span><br>
Einstein Was Right (Again): Experiments Confirm that E= mc2<br>
December 21, 2005</div><div class="gmail_quote" dir="auto"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"></div>* <a href="https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2005/12/einstein-was-right-again-experiments-confirm-e-mc2" rel="noreferrer noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2005/12/einstein-was-right-again-experiments-confirm-e-mc2</a><br><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"></div><br>
<br>
An instrument called GAMS4, originally designed and built at NIST and now located at Institut Laue Langevin in France<br>
<br>
An instrument called GAMS4, originally designed and built at NIST and now located at Institut Laue Langevin in France, was used in experiments that helped to confirm Einstein's famous equation E=mc2;. GAMS4 measured the angle at which gamma rays are diffracted by two identical crystals made of atoms separated by a known distance. The two crystals are the dark gray rectangles on circular platforms in the foreground and background of the photo.<br>
Credit: Photo by Artechnique, Courtesy of ILL<br>
<br>
GAITHERSBURG--Albert Einstein was correct in his prediction that E=mc2, according to scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),<br>
the Commerce Department's National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and<br>
the Institute Laue Langevin, Genoble, France (ILL)<br>
who conducted the most precise direct test ever of what is perhaps<br>
the most famous formula in science.<br>
<br>
In experiments described in the Dec. 22, 2005, issue of Nature,*<br>
the researchers added to a catalog of confirmations that<br>
matter and energy are related in a precise way.<br>
Specifically, energy (E) equals mass (m) times the square of the speed of light (c2),<br>
a prediction of Einstein's theory of special relativity.<br>
By comparing NIST/ILL measurements of energy emitted by silicon and sulfur atoms and MIT measurements of the mass of the same atoms,<br>
the scientists found that<br>
E differs from mc2 by at most 0.0000004, or four-tenths of 1 part in 1 million.<br>
This result is "consistent with equality" and is 55 times more accurate than<br>
the previous best direct test of Einstein's formula, according to the paper.<br>
<br>
Such tests are important because special relativity is a central principle of modern physics and the basis for many scientific experiments as well as common instruments like the global positioning system.<br>
Other researchers have performed more complicated tests of special relativity that imply closer agreement between<br>
E and mc2 than the MIT/NIST/ILL work,<br>
but additional assumptions are required to interpret their results, making these previous tests arguably less direct.<br>
<br>
The Nature paper describes two very different precision measurements,<br>
one done at MIT by a group led by David Pritchard and<br>
another done at the ILL by a NIST/ILL collaboration led by the late physicist Richard Deslattes (NIST) and Hans Börner (ILL).<br>
Deslattes and his collaborators developed methods<br>
for using optical and X-ray interferometry-the study of interference patterns created by electromagnetic waves-to precisely determine<br>
the spacing of atoms in a silicon crystal, and<br>
for using such calibrated crystals to measure and establish more accurate standards for the very short wavelengths characteristic of highly energetic X-ray and gamma ray radiation.<br>
Börner and his collaborators were responsible for a highly successful gamma-ray measurement program at the ILL.<br>
<br>
According to the basic laws of physics, every wavelength of electromagnetic radiation corresponds to a specific amount of energy.<br>
The NIST/ILL team determined the value for energy<br>
in the Einstein equation, E = mc2,<br>
by carefully measuring the wavelength of gamma rays emitted by silicon and sulfur atoms.<br>
<br>
"This was Dick's original vision, that a comparison like this would someday be made," said Scott Dewey, a NIST physicist who is a co-author of the Nature paper. "The idea when he started working on silicon was to use it as a yardstick to measure the wavelengths of gamma rays, and use this in a test of special relativity. It took 30 years to realize his idea."<br>
<br>
The MIT/NIST/ILL tests focused on a well-known process: When the nucleus of an atom captures a neutron, energy is released as gamma ray radiation.<br>
The mass of the atom, which now has one extra neutron, is predicted to equal the mass of the original atom, plus the mass of a solitary neutron, minus a value called the neutron binding energy.<br>
The neutron binding energy is equal to the energy given off as gamma ray radiation, plus a small amount of energy released in the recoil motion of the nucleus.<br>
<br>
The gamma rays in this process have wavelengths of less than a picometer, a million times smaller than visible light, and are diffracted or bent by the atoms in the calibrated crystals at a particular energy-dependent angle.<br>
Using a well-known mathematical formula, scientists can combine these angles with values for the crystal lattice spacing to determine the energy contained in individual gamma ray particles.<br>
<br>
In the experiments described in Nature, NIST/ILL scientists measured the angle at which gamma rays are diffracted by crystals with known lattice spacings at the ILL high flux reactor.<br>
The ILL has the world's premier facility for colliding nuclei and neutrons and capturing the resulting gamma rays at the same instant. Accurate gamma-ray measurements are particularly challenging because the diffraction angles are less than 0.1 degree.<br>
The measurements were done using an instrument that was originally designed and built at NIST.<br>
<br>
The MIT team measured the mass numbers used in<br>
the tests of Einstein's formula by placing two ions (electrically charged atoms) of the same element, one with an extra neutron, in a small electromagnetic trap. Scientists counted the revolutions per second made by each ion around the magnetic field lines within the trap.<br>
The difference between these frequencies can be used to determine the masses of the ions.<br>
The experiment was performed with both silicon and sulfur ions.<br>
The novel two-ion technique virtually eliminates the effect of many sources of "noise," such as magnetic field fluctuations, that reduce measurement accuracy.<br>
This work led to greatly improved values for the atomic masses of silicon and sulfur.<br>
<br>
The work was supported by NIST and the National Science Foundation.<br>
<br>
As a non-regulatory agency of the Commerce Department's Technology Administration,<br>
NIST promotes U.S. innovation and industrial competitiveness<br>
by advancing measurement science, standards and technology in ways that<br>
enhance economic security and improve our quality of life.<br>
<br>
* S. Rainville, J.K. Thompson, E.G. Myers, J.M. Brown, M.S. Dewey, E.G. Kessler Jr., R.D. Deslattes, H.G. Börner, M. Jentschel, P. Mutti, D.E. Pritchard. 2005.<br>
A direct test of E = mc2.<br>
Nature. Dec. 22, 2005.<br>
<br>
Physics and Radiation<br>
<br>
MEDIA CONTACT<br>
Laura Ost<br>
<a href="mailto:laura.ost@nist.gov" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">laura.ost@nist.gov</a><br>
(303) 497-4880<br>
<br>
Released December 21, 2005, Updated June 2, 2021<br>
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