[Turkmath:6631] open univeristeden - babil ve mısır matemagi

25 Eki 2009 Paz 16:49:39 EET

Open Univeristenin 8 ve 9 saatlik kurslari:

Saygilar
Mustafa Akgul

Babil matematigi -

http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/course/view.php?id=3349
<http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/course/view.php?id=3349>

    *

      *Time*: 8 hours
      *Level*: Intermediate

    Introduction

    * Introduction Resource
      <http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/mod/resource/view.php?id=260038&direct=1>
    * This unit looks at Babylonian mathematics. You will learn how a
      series of discoveries have enabled historians to decipher stone
      tablets and study the various techniques the Babylonians used for
      problem-solving...

    1 Babylonian mathematics

    * 1 Babylonian mathematics Resource
      <http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/mod/resource/view.php?id=369427&direct=1>
    * In Mesopotamia, the scribes of Babylon and the other big cities
      were impressing on clay tablets economic and administrative
      records, literary, religious and scientific works, word-lists, and
      mathematical...

    2 A Babylonian mathematical problem

    * 2 A Babylonian mathematical problem Resource
      <http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/mod/resource/view.php?id=369429&direct=1>
    * Before seeing how our knowledge has been acquired, let us get into
      the spirit of things by ascertaining what a problem looks like
      once the modern cuneiform scholar has translated a tablet. The
      following...

    3 The historical study of cuneiform

    * 3 The historical study of cuneiform Resource
      <http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/mod/resource/view.php?id=369431&direct=1>
    * Now, how did historical study reach the stage where Neugebauer and
      Sachs could pick up a tablet in a library and translate it so as
      to provide a fair degree of understanding? As with Egyptian
      hieroglyphs,...

    4 A remarkable numeration system

    * 4 A remarkable numeration system Resource
      <http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/mod/resource/view.php?id=369433&direct=1>
    * The Babylonian numeral system was described in Section 3 as
      'remarkable'. It is worth spelling out the reasons for this
      judgement. Although what we notice first is that it was a
      place-value system (see...

    5 Plimpton 332

    * 5.1 Uncertain origins Resource
      <http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/mod/resource/view.php?id=369435&direct=1>
    * The tablet is called Plimpton 322, and is described by Neugebauer
      (The Exact Sciences in Antiquity (Dover, 1969) p. 40) as 'one of
      the most remarkable documents of Old-Babylonian mathematics'. The
      name...
    * 5.2 What is the significance of the numbers? Resource
      <http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/mod/resource/view.php?id=369437&direct=1>
    * In seeking the significance of these numbers, there is more
      information on the tablet that we have not yet taken into account,
      namely the text of the column headings themselves. The heading of
      column A...
    * 5.3 Errors in Plimpton 322 Resource
      <http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/mod/resource/view.php?id=369439&direct=1>
    * The presence of errors on the tablet is of further benefit to the
      historian, in that trying to discover how they could have arisen
      provides strong clues about how the computations were done. So,
      for instance,...

    6 The social context of Babylonian mathematical activity

    * 6 The social context of Babylonian mathematical activity Resource
      <http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/mod/resource/view.php?id=369441&direct=1>
    * The extant mathematical tablets from the Old Babylonian period
      fall broadly into two categories, table texts and problem texts.
      You have seen examples of both of these. The weighing-the-stone
      problem with...

    7 Babylonian mathematical style

    * 7 Babylonian mathematical style Resource
      <http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/mod/resource/view.php?id=369443&direct=1>
    * Not only should you have learnt through this exercise more about
      the Babylonian mathematical style, but also, on another level, you
      should have gained more experience in the endeavour of trying to
      understand...

    8 Conclusion

    * 8 Conclusion Resource
      <http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/mod/resource/view.php?id=369445&direct=1>
    * In conclusion, what is Babylonian mathematics about? Although it
      is not easy to answer this question precisely, because of the
      difficulties of interpretation such as you saw with Plimpton 322,
      the overwhelming...

    Further reading

    * Further reading Resource
      <http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/mod/resource/view.php?id=260060&direct=1>
    * Doblhofer, Ernst, Voices in Stone (Paladin, 1973; orig. edn.
      1957). Not especially mathematical, but a good account of the
      decipherment of hieroglyphs and cuneiform texts if you want to
      follow that up....

    References and Acknowledgements

    * <http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/mod/resource/view.php?id=260062&direct=1>

Antik Mısır Matematigi

http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/course/view.php?id=2484
<http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/course/view.php?id=2484>

    *

      *Level*: Intermediate

    Introduction

    * Introduction Resource
      <http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/mod/resource/view.php?id=170879&direct=1>
    * For many centuries, ancient Egypt was seen as the source of wisdom
      and knowledge, about mathematics as well as other things. There
      was a long classical Greek tradition to this effect, and in later
      centuries...

    Egyptian mathematics

    * 1 Mathematics in Egyptian history Resource
      <http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/mod/resource/view.php?id=170881&direct=1>
    * Only a small number of the surviving Egyptian papyri are concerned
      with mathematical calculations -- perhaps a dozen or so in all, of
      which the earliest dates from about 1850 BC and the most recent
      from...
    * 2 Egyptian calculation Resource
      <http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/mod/resource/view.php?id=170883&direct=1>
    * The earliest Egyptian script was hieroglyphic, used from before
      3000 BC until the early centuries AD. Initially an all-purpose
      script, it was eventually used only for monumental stone-carving
      and formal...
    * 3 More information about the Rhind papyrus Resource
      <http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/mod/resource/view.php?id=170885&direct=1>
    * Arnold Buffum Chace on Egyptian mathematics as pure science

    References and Acknowledgements

    * References Resource
      <http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/mod/resource/view.php?id=170887&direct=1>
    * Acknowledgements
      <http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/mod/resource/view.php?id=170889&direct=1>